2013년 10월 26일 토요일

Syble Townsel's blog ::The Softball Uniforms - An Adult Story






Syble Townsel's blog ::The Softball Uniforms - An Adult Story










What               would               Women's               History               Month               and               the               beginning               of               baseball               season               be               without               discussing               the               All-American               Girls               Professional               Baseball               League?

The               All-American               Girls               Professional               Baseball               League               (AAGPBBL)               was               established               in               1943               as               the               "All-American               Girls               Baseball               League,"               with               just               four               teams               (five,               counting               the               All-Stars),               and               ran               until               1954,               with               the               number               of               teams               varying               each               year               from               five               to               ten               franchises.

(List               of               all               AAGPBBL               Teams.)               In               the               fall               of               1942,               many               minor               league               baseball               teams               disbanded               when               the               draft               sent               the               young               players,               and               many               major               league               players,               off               to               World               War               II.

Worried               that               the               lack               of               quality               players               would               trigger               low               attendance               and               cause               Major               League               Baseball               to               fold,               a               group               of               Midwestern               businessmen,               financed               by               Chicago               Cubs               owner               Philip               K.

Wrigley,               formed               the               All-American               Girls               Baseball               Leaguein               the               spring               of               1943.
               Wrigley               wanted               to               use               the               Major               League               baseball               parks               on               the               days               the               men's               teams               were               out               of               town,               but               the               owners               refused.

Instead,               four               non-Major               League               cities               in               close               proximity               to               each               other               and               the               League's               Chicago               headquarters               were               chosen:               Racine               and               Kenosha               Wisconsin,               Rockford,               Illinois,               and               South               Bend,               Indiana.

Wrigley               financed               half               the               operating               costs               and               budget               expenses               of               each               team,               while               the               host               city               directors               covered               the               rest.
               Semi-pro               women's               softball               teams               already               existed               across               the               U.S.

and               Canada.

Wrigley's               baseball               connections               enabled               him               to               establish               a               huge               recruitment               network,               sending               out               scouts               and               setting               up               try-outs               in               dozens               of               major               cities.

Of               the               hundreds               of               women               who               showed               up,               only               280               made               the               final               try-outs               in               Chicago,               and               only               60               were               chosen               to               become               the               first               professional               women               baseball               players.

Those               who               made               the               cut,               some               as               young               as               15,               were               signed               to               professional               league               contracts               forbidding               them               to               have               any               outside               employment               during               the               baseball               season.

Salaries               were               high               for               the               times,               ranging               from               $45               to               over               $85               a               week.
               Not               only               did               the               players               have               to               be               excellent               ballplayers,               but               they               were               expected               to               adhere               to               high               moral               standards               and               Rules               of               Conduct.

(See               Rules               of               Conduct.)               Finally,               Wrigley               wanted               the               players               to               portray               a               feminine               image,               and               contracted               with               Helena               Rubenstein's               Beauty               Salon               to               run               evening               charm               school               classes               that               the               players               were               required               to               attend.

Here               they               were               taught               etiquette,               personal               hygiene               and               mannerisms,               and               provided               with               a               beauty               kit               and               instructions.

An               off-field               dress               code               was               also               imposed.

(See               Charm               School               Guide.)               The               AAGBBL               uniforms               consisted               of               a               short-skirted,               one-piece               flared               tunic,               accented               by               satin               shorts,               knee-high               baseball               socks               and               a               baseball               hat.
               League               play               officially               began               on               May               30,               1943,               with               four               teams:               the               Kenosha               Comets,               Racine               Belles,               Rockford               Peaches               and               the               South               Bend               Blue               Sox.

Attendance               the               first               year               was               tracked               at               176,612               in               the               four               sponsoring               cities.

They               played               six               games               a               week               and               doubleheaders               on               Sunday.

With               many               women               involved               in               the               war               effort               working               in               defense               factories,               the               change               in               traditional               women's               roles               led               the               way               to               accepting               professional               women               ball               players.

Women's               baseball               also               provided               an               inexpensive,               close-to-home               leisure               activity.

Capitalizing               on               the               rampant               patriotism               during               WWII,               Wrigley               promoted               the               "All-American               Girl"               theme,               calling               the               players               "the               girl               next               door               in               spikes."               Before               each               game,               the               players               lined               up               from               home               plate               down               the               first               and               third               baselines,               forming               a               "V"               for               Victory,               followed               by               the               National               Anthem.

The               teams               played               Exhibition               games               to               raise               money               for               the               Red               Cross               and               the               armed               forces,               and               visited               wounded               veterans               at               Army               Hospitals.
               In               1944,               Wrigley               lost               interest               in               girls               baseball               when               it               became               evident               that               major               league               baseball               was               in               no               danger               of               collapsing,               and               sold               the               League               to               Arthur               Meyerhoff,               his               Chicago               advertising               executive.

Meyerhoff               used               his               PR               and               advertising               talents               to               expand               and               promote               the               League               and,               after               the               war,               the               teams               continued               to               draw               strong               attendance               numbers.

At               its               zenith,               the               AAGBBL               organized               Junior               Leagues,               traveled               cross-country               and               to               Cuba               and               South               America,               and               established               the               Chicago               Girls               Baseball               League,               a               four-team               minor               league.

Two               failed               franchises,               the               Colleens               and               the               Sallies,               became               rookie               training               teams               who               played               exhibitions               and               recruited               new               talent,               playing               in               Washington,               D.C.'s               Griffith               Park               and               New               York's               Yankee               Stadium.

The               League               peaked               in               the               1948               season,               with               ten               teams               drawing               910,000               fans.
               Attendance               waned,               however,               as               backers               lost               interest,               and               revenues               fell               when               the               team               directors               voted               to               operate               their               teams               independently               and               purchased               the               AAGBBL               from               Arthur               Meyerhoff.

With               no               centralized               control               of               publicity,               promotion               and               recruitment,               and               with               the               rise               of               televised               major               league               games               in               the               early               '50s,               the               League               began               to               fail.

The               All-American               Girls'               Baseball               League               folded               in               1954,               with               only               five               teams               left.
               Through               the               organization               of               the               AAGBBL's               Players'               Associationin               1986,               their               efforts               to               gain               formal               recognition               came               to               fruition               in               1988               when               they               were               formally               inducted               into               the               National               Baseball               Hall               of               Fame               in               Cooperstown,               New               York.

The               League               was               renamed               and               finally               recognized               for               what               it               actually               was:               the               All-American               Girls               Professional               Baseball               League               (AAGPBL).
               Recommended               Reading:
               The               Belles               of               the               Game,               July               1989               Smithsonian               Magazine               article               by               Jack               Fincher               
               Memories               of               an               All-American               Girl,               1997               interview               with               Daisy               Junor,               by               Carmen               Pauls
               Source:               Official               Web               Site               of               the               All-American               Girls               Professional               Baseball               League




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